The discussion of the inefficiency and failure of Iran's urban master plans and the governance institutions' resistance to reforms highlighted the need to investigate the inefficiencies. The research began with this question: from where is the root of the criticisms and inefficiencies raised? This research is of qualitative type with an exploratory aspect conducted by the Straussian model, the data documentary search (70 articles), and purposeful interview (20 experts). The collected data were categorized in the form of open coding, axial coding, and selected coding. The study results were confirmed and approved by the participants with "Cresol questions Assessment. " The aim is to shed light on the underlying causes of inefficiency in urban construction plans. The findings of the study were categorized in 10 fields of "macrostructure of Iran's urban planning", and structures of "political", “ law and legal", “ administrative and organizational", “ decision-making", “ urban planning", “ leadership", “ power", “ evaluation” and “ monitoring and observation” . These categories showed that the most important underlying causes of inefficiencies are “ lack of common planning language", “ weakness in “ policymaking and policy-taking", “ lack of integrated legal structure", “ disproportionate organizational structure", “ centralized decision system", “ incompatible master planning model", “ incompatibility of the management system", “ inappropriate interference of power elements", “ lack of evaluation structure” and the “ inefficiency of the monitoring and oversight structure” . These causes result in applying the current method and planning model, which is incom-patible with the Iranian planning environment.

This paper focuses on a novel approach for producing a floor plan (FP), either a rectangular (RFP) or an orthogonal (OFP) based on the concept of orthogonal drawings, which satisfies the adjacency relations given by any bi-connected plane triangulation $G$.     Previous algorithms for constructing a FP are primarily restricted to the cases given below:     \begin{enumerate}[(i)]         \item A bi-connected plane triangulation without separating triangles (STs) and with at most 4 corner implying paths (CIPs), known as properly triangulated planar graph (PTPG).         \item A bi-connected plane triangulation with an exterior face of length 3 and no CIPs, known as maximal planar graph (MPG).     \end{enumerate}     The FP obtained in the above two cases is a RFP or an OFP respectively. In this paper, we present the construction of a FP (RFP if exists, else an OFP), for a bi-connected plane triangulation $G$ in linear-time.

Purpose: The future of the construction industry is increasingly influenced by new technologies. In order to adopt appropriate strategies in facing new technologies, it is necessary to know the possible futures of the construction industry. This research was done with the aim of explaining the technological uncertainties and compiling the future scenarios of the construction industry.  Method: The research method is applied and was carried out with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the library study was used to determine the technological drivers, then the Structural Analysis was used to explain the technological uncertainties, and finally, the Schwartz method was used to compile the scenarios. The statistical population is experts of construction industry. Findings: Nine technological uncertainties affecting the future of the construction industry have been identified and for each of them, three states of decline, stagnation and progress have been considered. Data analysis by Scenario Wizard shows eight probable scenarios. The portfolio of scenarios including four groups of progress scenarios, towards progress, towards stagnation, and towards wane has been compiled. Conclusion: In the progress scenario, the 89% of uncertainties have developed. In  towards progress, 56% of the factors are in the development status, which indicates the development of the technological factor application. In the stagnation scenario, no progress has been made in the application of uncertainties and they are in a static state. In towards wane, uncertainties have been placed in a situation of reduced use.

The most basic goal of cooperative companies of any type is to improve the economic status of the members of these companies. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the cooperatives of the country have grown tremendously physically and have provided the necessary grounds for the participation of the general public in various economic and social matters. State economic inadequacies and harmful consequences of the private economy make it necessary to pay more attention to cooperatives. In this research, upstream document analysis using the document analysis method has been used to determine the investment priorities of the city's development and construction cooperative companies. Then, according to the interviews conducted with the members of the development and construction cooperative companies of Rasht city, the cooperative organization, work and social welfare, the management of statistics and information, and the management and planning organization of Gilan province, the governor and prefect of the city, experts A university active in the field of Gilanology, investment opportunities were identified separately and analyzed using the document analysis technique and ranked using the Delphi technique. In the following, according to the output of the Delphi technique in line with strategic analysis, using the parental strategy, the priority of each of the identified projects of Rasht city is determined and the position of each of them according to the key success factors and cooperative capabilities in the matrix. Placement parents and necessary implementation suggestions have been provided.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Introduction: The dam projects in the country are carried out with the aim of development at the macro level and the distribution of their benefits at the local and national levels. Generally, these projects are implemented with a technocratic approach and decision making is done at the highest level of policy makers and with the least participation of local people. This has the most challenging, sustainable, and widespread multidimensional economic, social, cultural, and environmental consequences at the national, regional, and local levels. The aim of this research is to evaluate development plans and policies focusing on dam projects in Ilam province.Method: This study used the qualitative method and a critical ethnographic approach to investigate dam projects in Ilam province to determine local communities’ understanding of the dam project, their role in the decision-making and implementation process, and the balance of power among project beneficiaries. Data collection was conducted through participant observation and ethnographic interviews.Findings: The research findings show that cash payment policies, lack of decision-making and political will, and lack of a coherent resettlement and relocation plan were the most prevalent aspects of policies and programs in dam projects. Conclusion:The results of this research show that the policies and programs undertaken in development projects,have created challenges for the villages affected by the projects. By treating the local population as strangers, they have ignored the participation and accompaniment of local people and the use of local and indigenous knowledge.

One of the problems which has overshadowed the urban and rural management and planning system in Tehran province in the past decades is unauthorized constructions. Infraction means any deviation or violation of national laws, plans regulations and instructions. Unauthorized constructions are considered as a kind of infraction which is the subject matter of this article. It intends to investigate the reasons and consequences of unauthorized construction in Tehran province. This issue has several dimensions such as: unique location of Tehran province in the country, benefits and consequences of unauthorized constructions at public and private sector, type and quality of these constructions, social and economic class of the offenders, place of occurrence, type of infraction and inconsistency with the rules and regulations, causes of prevalence and severity of unauthorized constructions in Tehran, how to deal with, relevant figures and statistics etc. Despite the usual limitations of research, this article attempts to analyze, debate and scrutinize in each dimensions of unauthorized constructions by using documentations, experiences and observations of experts in this field. Finally, some suggestions and strategies have been expressed to prevent or reduce this phenomenon in Tehran province.